国花“牡丹”用英文怎么翻译？
牡丹花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣，因而在中国被称为“花中之王”。中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。千百年来，创造了许多诗歌和绘画赞美牡丹。唐代时期，牡丹在皇家园林普遍种植并被誉为国花，因而特别风行。十世纪时，洛阳古城成为牡丹栽培中心，而且这一地位一直保持到今天。现在，成千上万的国内游客蜂拥到洛阳参加一年一度的牡丹节，欣赏洛阳牡丹独特之美，同时探索九朝古都的历史。
01
逐句解析
1、牡丹花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣，因而在中国被称为“花中之王”。
主干：牡丹象征着和平与繁荣，因而被称为“花中之王”。
修饰：花色艳丽，形象高雅、在中国
翻译：Peony, with beautiful colors and elegant image, symbolizes peace and prosperity, so it is called "the king of flowers" in China.
翻译思路：
-
“牡丹花色艳丽”直接描述了牡丹的颜色特点，“形象高雅”则是对牡丹整体气质的赞美，with表示牡丹具有这种属性后接“beautiful colors and elegant image”；
-
“象征着和平与繁荣”是牡丹的文化寓意，通过“symbolize”这一词传达了其深层含义；
-
“因而在中国被称为‘花中之王’”是总结性的句子，表明牡丹在中国文化中的重要地位，"the king of flowers" 加引号表述专属的名称。
2、中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。
主干：许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。
修饰：中国
翻译：Many places in China cultivate and plant peonies.
翻译思路：
-
这句话直接列举了“Many places in China”作为地点状语；
-
并使用了“cultivate and plant”两个动词并列，简洁明了地传达了原文的意思。
3、千百年来，创造了许多诗歌和绘画赞美牡丹。
主干：许多诗歌和绘画赞美牡丹。
修饰：千百年来、创造了
翻译：Over thousands of years, many poems and paintings have been created to praise peony.
翻译思路：
-
首先，“Over thousands of years”作为时间状语放在句首，强调了时间的久远；
-
“many poems and paintings have been created”使用了现在完成时，强调了这一过程的持续性和完成性；
-
“to praise peony”作为目的状语，通过“to”引导的动词不定式表达了创造诗歌和绘画的目的。
4、唐代时期，牡丹在皇家园林普遍种植并被誉为国花，因而特别风行。
主干：牡丹在皇家园林普遍种植并被誉为国花
修饰：唐代时期、因而特别风行
翻译：During the Tang Dynasty, peony was widely planted in royal gardens and was honored as the national flower, so it was particularly popular.
翻译思路：
-
“During the Tang Dynasty”作为时间状语放在句首，明确了历史背景；
-
“peony was widely planted in royal gardens”和“was honored as the national flower”是并列结构，分别描述了牡丹在唐代的种植情况和地位；
-
“so it was particularly popular”通过“so”连接了前文和结论。
5、十世纪时，洛阳古城成为牡丹栽培中心，而且这一地位一直保持到今天。
主干：洛阳古城成为牡丹栽培中心，而且这一地位保持到今天。
修饰：十世纪时、一直
翻译：In the 10th century, the ancient city of Luoyang became the center of peony cultivation, and this position has been maintained to this day.
翻译思路：
-
“In the 10th century”作为时间状语放在句首，明确了时间背景；
-
“the ancient city of Luoyang became the center of peony cultivation”是主谓宾结构，表达了历史事实；“and this position has been maintained to this day”通过“and”连接了前文的陈述和后续的情况，使用了现在完成时强调了这一地位的持续性。
6、现在，成千上万的国内游客蜂拥到洛阳参加一年一度的牡丹节，欣赏洛阳牡丹独特之美，同时探索九朝古都的历史。
主干：国内游客蜂拥到洛阳参加牡丹节，欣赏洛阳牡丹独特之美，同时探索九朝古都的历史。
修饰：现在、成千上万的、一年一度的
翻译：Nowadays, thousands of domestic tourists flock to Luoyang to participate in the annual Peony Festival, appreciate the unique beauty of Luoyang peony, and explore the history of the ancient capital of nine dynasties.
翻译思路：
-
“现在”是时间状语，指出了当前的情况，使用“Nowadays”；
-
“成千上万的国内游客蜂拥到洛阳”是主谓宾结构，描述了游客的行为，翻译为“thousands of domestic tourists”；
-
“参加一年一度的牡丹节”是目的状语，解释了游客前往洛阳的原因，to+目的，翻译为“ to participate in the annual Peony Festival”。
02
重点词汇/短语
✅和平与繁荣 peace and prosperity
✅赞美牡丹 praise peony
✅皇家园林 in royal gardens
✅被誉为... be honored as
✅国花 the national flower
✅洛阳古城 the ancient city of Luoyang
✅牡丹栽培中心 the center of peony cultivation
✅国内游客 domestic tourists
✅蜂拥 flock to
✅一年一度 annual
✅牡丹节 the Peony Festival
✅九朝古都 the ancient capital of nine dynasties
03
参考译文
Peony, with beautiful colors and elegant image, symbolizes peace and prosperity, so it is called "the king of flowers" in China. Many places in China cultivate and plant peonies. Over thousands of years, many poems and paintings have been created to praise peony. During the Tang Dynasty, peony was widely planted in royal gardens and was honored as the national flower, so it was particularly popular. In the 10th century, the ancient city of Luoyang became the center of peony cultivation, and this position has been maintained to this day. Nowadays, thousands of domestic tourists flock to Luoyang to participate in the annual Peony Festival, appreciate the unique beauty of Luoyang peony, and explore the history of the ancient capital of nine dynasties.
