在餐馆吃饭:in a restaurant的a要不要?
餐馆是可数名词,所以常态是不能裸单,如
【例句1】We had a meal in a restaurant. [牛津高级学者辞典]
【例句2】We went to my favourite restaurant to celebrate. [牛津高级学者辞典]
【例句3】We went to a little Italian restaurant and shared a pizza. [剑桥高级学者辞典]
【例句4】Does the hotel have a restaurant? [剑桥高级学者辞典]
但是对例行性动作,如“他每个星期天去餐馆吃晚餐”,这个餐馆能裸单吗?也就是下面句子中的a是不是能不要,
【例句5】He has dinner in a restaurant every Sunday.
之所以有这样的疑惑,是因为感觉“去餐馆”强调方式,而不是具体的餐馆。比如表达工具,如by car, by pencil,工具就可以裸单。
但介词in表达“在......里面”,因此所接名词的边界感比较强,也就是“物件感”很强,所以可数名词需要物件词(或限定词)。
【例句5】的restaurant对不同星期有可能不一样。如果每周都在认知定的同一个餐馆吃饭,可以用定物件词,如
【例句6】He has dinner in the restaurant on the corner every Sunday.
如果不强调每周,那么可以用restaurants, 如
【例句7】He likes to have dinner in restaurants.
此句的resturants换成a resturant,语法是没有问题的,但语用上a resturant的“单次事件感”有点强。定物件词的单次感比较弱,即
【例句8】He likes to have dinner in the restaurant.
因为the restaurant没有数数的暗示,而a resturant总有数数的潜意识。
如果餐馆是连锁店,比如 McDonald's,用不用不定物件词皆可,如
【例句9】He has dinner in McDonald's every Sunday.
【例句10】He has dinner in a McDonald's every Sunday.
有a的说话心态,是从众多McDonald's选择一家;无a的心态是从{McDonald's,home, Subway,...}等熟悉列表中选择一个。对品牌店,除非店家自己加the, 否则不用定冠词。
以上的例句的in可以换成at。in的严格语义是在餐馆内,而at则在餐馆建筑物周围也可,也就是拉个小板凳坐餐馆外吃饭,也可以at a resturant。